动探与承载力关系的研究

通过对动力触探试验与载荷试验的对比,绘制P-S曲线,保留曲线变化均匀,拐点相对明显的数据保留;剔除不理想的试验数据,进行动力触探试验和载荷试验对比分析,总结动力触探与地层承载力关系的规律。     

基于P300高性能BCI打字机的研究与实现

利用Gleeble-3800数字控制热/力模拟试验机研究了Q690低碳微合金钢在变形温度850~1150 ℃，应变速率0.01~30 s-1条件下的高温单道次压缩变形行为.建立了基于动态材料模型(DMM)的加工图，结合OM观察变形体微观组织确定了该钢种的高温热变形机制.结果表明：应变量0.7及以下的加工图中包含2个峰区(1 000~1 120 ℃，0.01~0.37 s-1和1 100~1 150 ℃，3.16~30 s-1)和3个加工失稳区(850~900 ℃，0.01~0.32 s-1和850~900 ℃，10~30 s-1以及1 000~1 085 ℃，1~30 s-1).应变量超过0.8的加工图包含2个峰区(1 025~1 100 ℃，0.01~0.38 s-1和1 100~1 150 ℃，3~30 s-1)，失稳区为低温(850~900 ℃，0.01~30 s-1)以及应变速率1 s-1以上的中低温度(850~1 100 ℃)范围，在这两个峰区峰值点附近的热变形显微组织为均匀的完全动态再结晶组织，因此，这两个区域均适合Q690钢的热加工变形.     

Shoot nitrate reductase activities of field‐layer species in different forest types. II

Analysis of in vivo shoot nitrate reductase activity (NRA) of the grass Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. has been proposed as a method of indicating the availability of nitrate in northern temperate forest soils. We report the seasonal variation in NRA and the influence of temperature on the NRA assay. Studies were performed in the field or on natural populations on topsoil monoliths in a greenhouse.

The induced in vivo NRA as measured at 28°C was higher in plants grown at lower than at higher temperatures within the range 4–20°C, although the induction was faster at higher temperatures. When the assay was performed at various temperatures, enzyme activity was much lower at lower temperatures. The accumulation of organic nitrogen in shoots showed that reduction actually increased with temperature. Transfer of monoliths from high to low temperature led to an increase of in vivo NRA within a day, whereas the decline caused by the reverse began after six days. Variations in temperature accounted for between 0 and 80% of the seasonal variation in NRA in the field, depending on the influence of the variability in nitrate supply.

Maximally induced NRA after application of nitrate was mostly higher in a clearfelling than in a closed forest. In the forest, there was a close correlation between current and maximally induced NRA. One interpretation of this result is that low availability of nitrogen may have been a cause of the lower maximally induced NRA there. This is supported by results from other studies.

We conclude that variations in temperature and availability of nitrogen, particularly nitrate, are largely responsible for seasonal variations in NRA. The influence of temperature can be adjusted for.     

Discussion on the Bibliographic Collection in Multi-Campus University Libraries under the dynamic Taking Library of Shandong Agricultural University as an Example

通过调查统计分析多校区多学科动态变化对图书馆馆藏文献配置典藏工作带来的影响,结合山东农业大学图书馆实际工作情况,提出了动态环境下文献配置典藏策略。     

Seasonal Variations in Physicochemical and Textural Properties of North Atlantic Cod (Gadus morh.ua) Mince

Abstract

Seasonal variations in physicochemical and textural properties of minced cod muscle from Icelandic coastal areas were evaluated. Measurements were performed on mince from the white muscle. Compared to the winter and summer values, hardness and cohesiveness, as measured by Instron, showed a drop in March to May and another drop was observed for cohesiveness during the autumn months. Expressible moisture changed slightly from March to August whereas results from the winter months indicate greater fluctuations. A minimum was observed for protein solubility in March and July. The surface hydrophobicity of proteins, increased gradually from November to May followed by a sudden drop, then a gradual increase again.     

基于时域模型的车轮随机动载特性仿真分析

作为随机过程的车辆道路不平度,通用的模拟方法是频域模型,但在对人-车-路系统进行非线性动力学分析研究时,必须获得关于道路的时域模型。本文描述了两种基于路面功率谱模型的道路时域模型重构方法,利用该方法对C级公路路面进行数值模拟,同时建立了汽车的两自由度模型,应用SIMULINK软件仿真分析了车轮的随机动载特性,结果表明分形模型与路面的实际情况接近。     

Prediction of daily reference evapotranspiration by a multiple regression method based on weather forecast data

Prediction of daily reference evapotranspiration (ET ₀) is the basis of real-time irrigation scheduling. A multiple regression method for ET ₀ prediction based on its seasonal variation pattern and public weather forecast data was presented for application in East China. The forecasted maximum temperature (T _max), minimum temperature (T _min) and weather condition index (WCI) were adopted to calculate the correction coefficient by multilinear regression under five time-division regimes (10 days, monthly, seasonal, semi-annual and annual). The multiple regression method was tested for its feasibility for ET ₀ prediction using forecasted weather data as the input, and the monthly regime was selected as the most suitable. Average absolute error (AAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) were 0.395 and 0.522 mm d^?1, respectively. ET ₀ prediction errors increased linearly with the increase in temperature prediction error. A temperature error within 3 K is likely to result in acceptable ET ₀ predictions, with AAE and average absolute relative error (AARE) <0.142 mm d^?1 and 5.8%, respectively. However, one rank error in WCI results in a much larger error in ET ₀ prediction due to the high sensitivity of the correction coefficient to WCI and the large relative error in WCI caused by one rank deviation. Improving the accuracy of weather forecasts, especially for WCI prediction, is helpful in obtaining better estimations of ET ₀ based on public weather data.     

秦椒田天敌的调查及利用

研究表明:秦椒田天敌有70佘种,主要14种。以蜘蛛、瓢虫、寄生性天敌、食虫蝽为天敌优势类群。各类群天敌在椒田的发生季节和数量不同,主要受地区差异、栽培方式、椒田化学农药使用量的影响。秦椒田天敌种群数量与害虫发生密度成正相关(γ=0.43～0.79),对秦椒田害虫有很强的控制作用。采用麦椒间套、挖窝诱蛛、插种玉米、花生以及合理使用化学农药,对保护椒田天敌效果显著。     

温度对拟稻虱缨小蜂实验种群增长的影响

拟稻虱缨小蜂的世代发育起点温度为12.91℃,有效积温为198.89日度,未成熟期的发育速率与温度符合逻辑斯蒂曲线关系,低温对未成熟期的存活有明显的抑制作用。在供试温度范围内,成虫寿命随温度升高而缩短,而雌虫产卵历期则与成虫寿命呈正相关,30℃下的雌虫生殖能力最大,种群内禀增长能力与温度呈二次抛物线曲线关系。种群增长的理论最适温度31.84℃下,内禀增长能力γm=0.1021,种群数量加倍时问t=6.79天,该实验种群将逐日以1.1075倍的速率不断地作几何级数增长。     

乌兰布和沙漠流动沙丘不同部位水分动态研究

通过对乌兰布和沙漠流动沙丘的不同部位沙土含水量的测定研究，结果表明：（1）乌兰布和沙漠流动沙丘3个不同部位的水分垂直变化趋势是一致的，0～60cm含水量变化幅度大，60～100cm变化幅度小，含水量最大值出现在20～60CITI，降雨主要影响60cm以上的沙土水分；（2）3种部位在时间变化上都表现为4～5月含水量最小，从6月开始含水量升高；（3）迎风坡含水量较其他部位大0．65％～0．9％，较背风坡大1．8％～2．5％，其他部位较背风坡大1％～1．7％，且3种地貌部位20～60cm处较80cm和100cm处有较大差异，同时迎风坡的变化幅度最大。